The Rookie’s Guide to Analyzing Rental Properties and Airbnbs in 2023

Ashley:
This is Real Estate Rookie, Episode 305.

Tony:
Before you even think about your market, think about what your goals are as a real estate investor. If your goal is to leave your job as fast as humanly possible, appreciation itself isn’t really going to help you. Tax benefits per se, aren’t really going to help you as much. You want cashflow, you want profits. So I think about what your goal is, what your strategy is, and that kind of helps you identify what market you should be going into, what strategy you should be going into.

Ashley:
My name is Ashley Kehr and I’m here with my cohost Tony Robinson.

Tony:
And welcome to the Real Estate Rookie Podcast, where every week, twice a week, we bring you the inspiration, motivation, and stories you need to hear to kickstart your investing journey. And today’s episode is a little different, because not only are we going to be talking on the Real Estate Rookie show, but we’re also going to be talking on the BiggerPockets Real Estate Podcast for an episode that’s getting, I guess, I don’t know, simultaneously aired on two podcasts at the same time. But it’s about a topic that I think is super-important both for audiences of the Rookie Show and the Real Estate Podcast, and that’s how to analyze deals properly in 2023. And Ashley talks a little bit about the longterm rental side. I’ll talk a little bit about the short-term rental side and really just even before that, just in general, why getting good at analyzing deals is so important.

Ashley:
Yeah, so Tony does a breakdown of analyzing a short-term rental, and then I do an analysis of a longterm rental, that is a single family, but zoned as a duplex. So we go into the two different analysis as to a single family compared to converting it back into the duplex that it was meant to be. And we go through how we find our rents, whether that is the daily rate for short-term rental or the monthly rate for a longterm rental. We talk about some of the things that maybe we have changed in our deal analysis since we first started and since we’ve grown, and also as the market has changed. So we’ll talk a brief overview and then we’ll actually share our screen. So if you’re listening to this on your podcast platform and just have it on audio, highly recommend you come back and actually watch it on YouTube so you can see a screen share. I will use the BiggerPockets calculator reports. I’ll use the rental calculator and then also the BUR calculator. And then Tony will be using his short-term rental calculator and we’ll share those on the screen.
So if you decide that you want to watch this and kind of get a visual, because you’re more of a visual learner, make sure you go to the Real Estate Rookie YouTube channel and search for Episode 305 and you’ll be able to find this episode on deal analysis and take a watch of what we actually share.

Tony:
So I guess, let me just share a quick review before we get into Ashley and I’s breakdown on deal analysis here. This review actually comes from someone by the username of Meowmix131. So I love the username, but Meowmix says, “After finishing the BiggerPockets book, I became hungry for more information. I started listening to this podcast, the Rookie Podcast, and I was blown away by the wealth of information. When I started researching more about it, there was so much junk I felt like I had to sift through. Most real estate gurus just seemed super-cocky and use inflated wordage and don’t actually explain what they’re talking about. These two really slow things down and help explain the basics. They’re easy to listen to and have become a part of my morning routine on my commutes. Ashley and Tony and their guests have taught me so many things and I’ve recommended to all of my friends.”
So Meowmix, that is a glowing review. We appreciate you taking the time. For all of you that are listening, if you haven’t yet, please take a few minutes just to leave a honest rating review on Apple Podcast, Spotify, or wherever it is you’re listening. The more reviews we get, the more folks we can reach, the more folks we reach, more folks we can help, which is what we’re all about here at BiggerPockets.

Ashley:
Okay, so Tony, let’s get into some deal analysis.

Tony:
I’m super-excited to talk about this, because I feel like it’s honestly one of the most important things that people need to understand as they’re getting into their real estate journey, but it’s probably that most people don’t spend enough time really getting good at. So I’m excited to dive into today’s content.

Ashley:
And I think that it can change too. So just because you’re an expert at analyzing a single family property, does not mean that you’re also an expert at analyzing a duplex. There are so many different things compared to the property type of what you are analyzing, but also market-specific too. For example, if you’re in Florida, you may have to account for hurricane insurance. If you’re in a flood zone, you may have to account for flood insurance, depending on what the city taxes are. So for a short-term rental, you may have to account for some kind of permit to actually operate a short-term rental. So there’s a lot of different things that are specific to your market, to your property when it comes to analyzing a deal. And our best advice, I would say to a rookie investor is, stick to one market and stick to one property type and get really, really good at analyzing that one specific niche and then go out and branch out and analyze other deals and other markets and things like that.
So as much as we would love to analyze deals for you guys all very specifically and tell you exactly how to analyze a deal in your neighborhood, we are going to do some examples of what we are currently investing in. Tony has a flip property that he’s going to talk about how he analyzes it, and then I’m going to talk about a single family house and how to analyze it in one of the markets I invest in. So first, Tony, before we actually get into the deals, do you want to do a breakdown of the process of analyzing a deal?

Tony:
Yeah, absolutely. And I think before I even talk about the process, Ash, I want to share with all of the listeners that you don’t necessarily have to be a “Numbers” person to get good at analyzing deals as a real estate investor. The beautiful thing here is that regardless of how tech-savvy or Excel-savvy you are, if you hate it math in high school or whatever it is, you can still get good at analyzing properties as a short-term rental, as a flip, as a BUR, as whatever it is, because there’s a proven set of steps you need to follow. So as long as you can follow directions, you should be able to get at least decent at analyzing properties with whatever strategy it is that you’re using.
And even if you don’t like using Excel, that’s a totally free tool, but BiggerPockets obviously has a bunch of calculators that you can use to help automate this process as well. So as long as you can punch numbers on your keypad on your keyboard, then you should be able to analyze deals as well. So I just want to start with that first. That’s the important thing that I want you guys to understand that regardless of whether you’re a freak in the spreadsheets or maybe not, you can still get good at this. So I lost my train of thought. What the heck did you ask me to do before I went off onto that tangent?

Ashley:
I didn’t ask you to do anything, so that was perfect Tony, but I wanted to talk about what are some of the steps in analyzing a deal, some of the things you should think about before actually getting into the numbers. So the first thing is where are you going to invest in and doing the market analysis of figuring out if this is actually an area that’s going to benefit your why for investing in real estate? So if you’re somebody whose maybe looking for longterm play, you don’t really need cashflow right now, you love your job, you want to stay in your W2, but you don’t have any retirement maybe set up. And so, you want properties that are going to appreciate so you can tap into that equity down the road and you can pull that out for your retirement.
So in that scenario, maybe a market with minimal cashflow, but high chance of appreciation, is going to be a better play for you than somebody who’s like, “I want to get out of my job now, so I need cashflow right now. I need high cashflow. I don’t care that much about appreciation, because I want money now.” And then there’s people who care about both. They want both of those things. So definitely picking your market is one of the first steps and really focusing in and honing on that, because markets are so different that it will make you lose focus if you are trying to analyze deals in five different markets across the country. So as a new investor or even as an experienced investor, don’t try and go to 10 different markets at once, get really good at one market for whatever strategy you’re doing. Then branch out and use your skillset to continuously to analyze markets and then go into those points.

Tony:
Yeah, I think even, I love what you just said, I think it’s a super-important point, but I think even taking one step back, and this kind of ties into what you said initially, but before you even think about your market, think about what your goals are as a real estate investor, because that’s going to play a big factor in how you make some of those subsequent decisions. So you talked Ash, about are you focused on cashflow today or are you focused on tax benefit? If your goal is to leave your job as fast as humanly possible, then appreciation itself isn’t really going to help you today. Appreciation is a longterm play. If your goal is to quit your job today, tax benefits per se, aren’t really going to help you as much. You want cashflow, you want profits. So I think, think about what your goal is, what your strategy is, and that helps you identify what market you should be going into, what strategy you should be going into, because you got to identify which one supports your goal.
Because we are in a very fortunate position, Ash, where we get to talk to people from all different walks of life, different stages in their real estate investing career. And I hear some folks who say, “Tony…” Actually Ash, we were in Denver just a couple of weeks ago and we were sitting with Neb, who’s a doctor Neb actually we met at BP Con last year, and he won this raffle to hang out with me and Ash for a day at BiggerPockets headquarters and Neb’s a doctor, and obviously doctors have high incomes and a big goal for Neb was okay, how do I offset my W2 income with the passive losses that real estate can provide? So a lot of his real estate investing strategy was focused on that piece. So as he’s looking for properties, he’s not going to necessarily be able to look in markets where price points and land value and property value are super-low, because that doesn’t support his goal of getting the cost benefits.
He’s going to have to go into markets where the property values are a little bit higher and he can get the benefit of a cost segregation study. Whereas say someone who said, “I want to quit my job tomorrow,” they’ve got to go out and focus, where can I get maybe some good BUR deals? Where can I get good cash flow with minimal cash outlay? So I think a lot of that kind of ties into it, but Ash, once you’ve kind of decided on a market, and I think both of you and I are unique in this approach, because we kind of had different approaches to this, but when you started to narrow down on your market, are there any indicators you’re looking for inside of that market to say, okay, yes, this is a good place for me to start analyzing deals?

Ashley:
Yeah, so I started out just close to home, because this was the market I knew, because I grew up there and I also worked for another investor and I knew the market. There’s been two times that I’ve kind of went out of my comfort zone into the city, not the rural areas. And those were both on a real estate agent’s recommendation and actually the same one. And so, I would listen to everything that she said about those neighborhoods, and then I went and did my own research to verify that. So some of the tools I use for that are Neighborhood Scouts and then also Bright Investor. So those are two pieces of software where you can pull up so much market data that I used to go to citydata.org and all these different websites to find everything that I wanted, a crime website. But now there’s so many programs that have it all tied together that save you so much time and have all the information you need.
So Bright Investor is a newer one, but you can go on there and just pull all of the data that you need to analyze a market. They basically, do all the work for you. And that is where I’m looking at, okay, what is the job growth as to what has been in the last couple of years and what is the potential? Then I’m also looking at the population growth. Are people moving there? Are they moving away from there? I’m also looking at what are the demographics as far as age? And if you see there’s a lot of kids, it’s more of a family neighborhood where if I’m looking at a five-bedroom house, I may not want to go into an area that has a lot of single people that are unmarried, maybe 30 to forties where maybe they’re out of that period where they’re in their twenties and don’t want to live with roommates.
But so just looking at all these different variables that come into play when looking at the market, but then also what’s the price-to-rent ratio? What’s the average cost of living? What is the average income? All of these different things that you can pull and look at the market, and then you have to take all of that information and tie it into your investing strategy. So if I’m analyzing for a short-term rental, it’s going to be very different data and stats that I want from that market analysis compared to if I’m looking for a longterm buy and hold play in this market.

Tony:
Yeah, somebody good points there, Ashley, but one thing I want to call out that I thought was super-important, you said you started off kind of investing in your backyard, because that’s what you knew, but you also supported that decision with data and I think that’s the step that a lot of people miss. There’s nothing wrong with saying, I know this market so I’m going to invest here, because I’m comfortable and familiar with it, but you have to take it one step further and make sure that it actually makes sense to invest in that market. A lot of what we do is in the short-term rental space, and I’ve seen some folks get just absolutely hammered on deals, because they invested in markets that they knew, but they didn’t take that secondary step of supporting that decision with data.
They said, “I love going to Maui, so I’m going to buy a condo in Maui. I love vacationing at the beaches in Florida, so I’m going to buy a beachfront property in Florida. I love going to…” Name the place, name the state, and they say, “I like going there, therefore it must be a good investment.” But that is not true whatsoever. You can use that as your first step, but you still want to make sure that you take that secondary step of supporting it with data. And I think what you talked about Ash, about using those websites is a kind of great place to go. And again, obviously the strategy that you use is also going to dictate some of the data that you need to pull. We’ll talk a little bit about the flips and short-term rentals that we do, but I want to make sure that the data specific to the asset class that I’m focusing on to the strategy that I’m focusing on supports that next step there.
So when I think a little bit Ash, about where people get hung up on analyzing deals. First I think is where to pull the data from. And I think you gave some great resources there. BiggerPockets actually, as you’re going through the calculator tools, they also kind of give you hints on where you can pull some of this information. So if you guys go to BiggerPockets, look at the tools, find the calculator for whatever strategy it is trying to use, I think that’s a great starting point to help you get over that initial hump of what data do I need and where should I be pulling that data? Because BP literally guides you through that process. I think the second thing that people get caught up on is how do I know if I’m doing it the right way? How do I know if I’m missing anything?
Because you see a lot of investors who lets say, a longterm rental, for example. They might understand, okay, cool, here’s a property that I’m looking at purchasing, here’s a comparable property for rent. Maybe it’s renting for whatever, $2,000 a month, but they forget that they need to include things like CapEx or maintenance and repairs. So again, I think if you use a tool that is built to help kind of fill in some of those gaps, it becomes easier to have confidence that you’re going through those steps. So literally the first deal that I ever analyzed, actually the first multiple deals I ever analyzed, I did them all with the BP calculators, because you can’t move forward without filling in all of that required information. I felt like it was super-helpful for me.

Ashley:
Tony, let’s run on to now the actual deal, what your investment strategy is. So you’ve kind of got your market analysis, you know where you’re pulling your data from, but you have to pull the data for the actual property too, such as what are the property taxes? How do I estimate insurance? Are there any zoning requirements I need to know about? Are short-term rentals allowed here? What are the rules and regulations of the city? So pulling all of that information, that can actually be a bit of legwork if you’ve never invested in that market before, you don’t really know anything about it. So when you’re doing the actual deal analysis, you want to know what strategy you’re going for, so you want to have your buy box with your property, type your strategy. Are there definite nos for you like I don’t want a house with a pool?
And one of the reasons may be, because your insurance premium may be higher if you have a pool and you have renters in the place, so going through your buy box, what is your max purchase price that you are looking to buy at in that market? So going through and making this list will definitely help you expedite analyzing deals because, you can go through and go ahead and just check like, “Nope, this property did not meet these criteria,” or, “Yes, it does. Yes it does. Yes it does. Okay, now I’m actually going to dive deeper into the analysis part of the deal.” And one thing with doing that is you also stay focused and you stay specific on what you’re trying to do. And one thing I will go over in the deal that I analyze for you guys is that I’m focused on one strategy, but with how the way the market is, I am also analyzing deals based on a second strategy as almost an exit strategy. So if my first strategy isn’t going to work, how else can I make that property work?
And a lot of people ran into that as our friend, Tyler Madden, who’s been on the podcast several times, and we just had his wife Zosia on Episode 301. They purchased a property as a short-term rental. After closing on the property, they found out that where the property was located, you could not do short-term rentals and they had to transition and pivot their strategy to medium-term rentals, and it actually ended up working out great for them. But being cautious of if you have a different strategy so that if you are maybe wrong in running your numbers as to what that backup exit plan can be, and maybe it’s selling it, maybe turning in medium-term rental, whatever that is, that you have some kind of backup in place in case that first strategy doesn’t end up working out the way that you want it to. And it’s almost like having a safety net.

Tony:
I just want to highlight really quickly Ash, you talked about the buy box and just to clarify that for folks that maybe aren’t familiar with that phrase, again, your buy box is basically just you identifying what type of property am I comfortable purchasing that aligns with my chosen strategy and with my chosen goal or what I’m trying to get out of this. It’s like I can tell you for us, if we’re flipping a home in Joshua Tree, we’re typically looking for something that’s about three bedrooms, usually one to two bathrooms, 1,100 to 1,300 square feet, built some time around 2000 to 2010 maybe at the latest, because we know inside of that little box pretty much down to the penny how much we’re going to spend to renovate something like that. We know that we can get in and get out, we can finish a rehab in six weeks on that kind of product, and it’s something that we’ve done multiple times.
However, when you’re first starting, it’s not always easy to really know what your buy box is, and sometimes you kind of just got to use the data that’s available and make your best judgment. So I can, on the short-term rental side, when we first started looking, we looked at all the data for that specific market and we compared revenues by bedroom size. Typically, when you’re analyzing short-term rentals, you kind of separated by bedroom count. And we looked at five bedrooms, four bedrooms, three bedrooms, two, one studios, and we said, okay, we think the best return is here, the four or five bedroom for this specific city. So as we started to look for deals, we said no to anything that wasn’t a four or five bedroom initially, and all of our acquisition efforts were focused on four and five bedrooms, because we felt that was what made the most sense.
And then as we started to get more comfortable and familiar in that market, we started to identify how smaller properties could play a role in our portfolio as well. We started to open that buy box up a little bit. So I think what’s most important is just creating that buy box so that you can get really good at analyzing something specific, because like Ashley mentioned earlier, it’s easier to become an expert at analyzing five bedrooms in this zip code with this type of construction style than it is to analyze everything in an entire county. So I think part of the buy box, part of the reason why it’s so important is to help give you that confidence as you’re analyzing deals.

Ashley:
The next thing after knowing what your market is, what kind of deal you’re looking for is how are you going to pay for the deal? There’s often the phrase heard that if you find a deal, the money will come, because it’s a deal and everybody will want to be a piece of that opportunity, but it is way less stressful if you have a plan in place as to how you’re going to fund a deal before you actually have it, instead of running around like a chicken, your head cut off trying to find a private moneylender, hard moneylender after you have the deal locked up and you have 72 hours to get funding secure. So figuring out how you’re going to fund a deal. So right now my main sources for funding a deal are my lines of credit that I have using cash, my own cash for rehabs.
And then also I have a private moneylender that I use for a lot of deals. And then for my right refinances, I’m doing a lot of them on the commercial side of lending, and I did one recently on the residential side, but that’s kind of how I’m funding my deals. I’m not really doing any purchases that are mortgages right at the beginning that I’m usually doing the lines of credit or the cash. Last year I did do three properties that were purchased with hard money, and right now it is way more cost-effective for me to just use my lines of credit to fund the deals.

Tony:
Yeah, I’d say the vast majority of what’s in our portfolio, both on our holds and our flips have been funded with private capital, private money in some way, shape or form. Every single flip we’ve done has been fully funded with private money. We haven’t used any hard money yet. The majority of our properties that are in our short-term rental portfolio kind of rebirth them, or we bought them initially with private money and then we reified into longterm debt, or we brought in partners who carried the initial mortgage. But for us, and I think, because we built a little bit of a track record, it’s been a good method and a win-win situation for us and that person to leverage private money. Now, I know a lot of folks might be thinking, “Duh, you guys are Tony and Ashley BiggerPockets co-hosts, and you guys have these big platforms,” so easy for you guys to raise private capital.
But I can tell you, I know people that are not podcast hosts that don’t have tens of thousands of followers on social media that are still leveraging private capital to fund the majority of their deals. And Ash and I have talked to folks on the Rookie Podcast who did it on their first deal with no track record whatsoever. So if you’re wondering, man, where are all these people hiding that just have money to give to us investors? You got to start building your network out and that’s attending local meetups, hosting your own meetup. There’s a lot of benefit that comes from that, but I think the more hands you can shake, the more ways you can provide value to other people, the easier it’ll be for you to find that potential private moneylender for your own deals as well.

Ashley:
And the private moneylenders that I use were all before the podcast. I didn’t meet any of them through being on BiggerPockets or through the podcast. They were all private lenders before I actually started on the podcast. Definitely. And there there’s a lot of great Instagram accounts that share how to reach out to private moneylenders solely [inaudible 00:25:06], she does a really great job of explaining in social media posts how she has approached private moneylenders, how she does a pitch deck to them per se, as to what the deal is, what’s it about, and how they can lend on the deal. That’s one of the best ones that I’ve seen.

Tony:
Yeah, I also got a shout-out Amy Mahjoory. She’s Amy, A-M-Y M-A-H-J-O-O-R-Y on Instagram, and she also creates a lot of great content specifically about raising private capital for your real estate transactions.

Ashley:
Okay, so do you want to do one of our deals?

Tony:
Yeah, let’s do it, let’s do it.

Ashley:
Okay. Do you want me to go first?

Tony:
Yeah, if you’re volunteering a tribute, let’s do it. Have you seen that movie? Have you seen her games?

Ashley:
Yeah, yeah, yeah. I actually, I read the books and then I saw the movie.

Tony:
Ooh, excuse me, have read the books first, yeah.

Ashley:
Sometimes I got to talk about that nerdy side of me. Okay, I’m going to actually going to do a screen share. So if you guys are listening to this in the car or wherever you are, go back and find it on YouTube so you can actually watch the screen as I’m going through it, I’ll do my best to be as visual as I can with my words, but when I speak or write, I am definitely a lot more analytical than visual and storytelling. So I’ll do my best, but I’m going to do a screen share here. Okay, so first I just want to share with you guys some of the data that I pulled on this market, because this is my first time going into this neighborhood. This is a neighborhood of Buffalo, New York. So how this deal came about and one important aspect of getting a deal done is actually sourcing deals. And so, I got a text from my real estate agent that I’ve used for quite a few of my deals. She did my first property back in 2013.
So we’ve had a good standing relationship and she text me and said, “Ashley, I thought of you. I just bought this house, you got to come see it. It’s in an amazing area. Can you come tomorrow?” Or something like that. So I went and looked at it.

Tony:
And Ashley, just want to confirm, so this was on-market?

Ashley:
No, this was not on-market. So in what the real estate agent was doing was in their office, they kind of will sometimes put their heads together and help comp a listing as to what it should be priced at. So agents will take other agents on tours of properties that they have that are coming up to one, help them price it, get their thoughts on it, second to have it almost as a pocket listing to see if they can sell it before it even goes on the MLS. So this was considered a pocket listing was not listed yet. The person that lived in the property had passed away and it was now going to his estate and there was a trustee of estate who just wanted to sell it. So my agent had gone through with the seller’s agent and so, I got into the property the next day, I met her there and the seller’s agent.
I always, always love when the seller’s agent is at the property, because they know so much more about the property, about why the seller is selling than my agent does, because my agent is just walking in the door with me and all they have is kind of what’s going to be on the MLS, but this wasn’t even on the MLS yet to have any information about it. So we went through the property with them. In this neighborhood, I didn’t know anything about it. So it was great that we drove, we walked around everything like that to kind of get a visual. The seller’s agent knew a lot about the area and told me all this stuff. So it sounds great coming from the two agents, but then again, you have to verify. So I went and looked at the areas where there was a lot of gentrification, a lot of revitalization in the surrounding streets, because in Buffalo and along with a lot of cities it can vary street by street.
So South Buffalo, I have several investments in and I can tell you the exact, I could draw out on a map the exact shape of where exactly I want to be in South Buffalo. And for this part Buffalo, I didn’t know any of that. So going on Google Maps and doing the walk view where you can actually take your little yellow guy and walk the streets if you can’t physically be there or going to the property. So here’s just a couple examples of the data that I pulled. So right here looking at a three-year forecast. So right here, this then kind of the top column got cut off here, but where you’re seeing a 10 on the top for the three-year forecast. So one to 10 being the best as far as appreciation in that in homes in that area that they’re going to see, they think that over the next three years, this property will appreciate 18%.
Okay, over the next year it will be about 6%, okay? That is considered a 10 rating compared to all of Buffalo. It compared to the nation, it is a seven rating, which is still actually pretty good. And then it goes on to talk about the latest quarter where it actually went down from Q4 2022 to Q1 to 2023, which I saw all over our state as to just a drop in prices. But then once spring hit, everything shot right back up again and everything’s going over listing everything is being sold within a couple of days or gone pending within a couple of days. So then another stat that I pulled here too, as to the population growth. So there is actually a little orange warning symbol by this. So it says within half a mile from the location, the population is changed 11% and I believe this was within the last five years, so 11% increase.
And when I had clicked on that little orange thing, it said this is higher. It was either higher or on average with the nation. I think it was higher than what the national average is for population growth. So right there, those are two things that look really intriguing to me about this neighborhood, and I actually did it very, very niche down as to this is only a three-block radius right now that I’m looking in as far as comparing this neighborhood. Okay, so now I’m going to take you guys to the actual BiggerPockets report that I pulled. Okay, so this is using the rental calculator report. So this property that I looked at, it doesn’t need really any rehab, maybe a couple of cosmetic things and just the yard cleaned up, lots of garden gnomes, things like that. So this property, if I’m going to rent it out as a single family home, I don’t have to do any rehab, I’m going to be able to list it for $1,300 per month.
It is a five-bedroom house with one and a half baths. One thing that I am really looking at right now, and I’m finding this to my advantage, and I’ve started looking at this, because the market is competitive right now, the market has changed as to what it was two years ago. And this is probably something I will carry forward forever though, is looking at unique properties or things that are not apparent. So this property is a single family home, but it is actually zoned as a two-family home as a duplex, and it does have separate meters on there for electric.

Tony:
Yeah. Let me ask one thing, because I think that’s an important thing to call out. How did you identify that? If I’m a new investor, how do I figure out if the actual usage of this property matches with what it’s zoned for?

Ashley:
So you can go to PropStream and usually they’ll have that data on there as to what the zoning is. You can go to the GIS mapping system for the county. One red flag for me on to trigger looking into this was that there was the two meters on the side of the house, but if this was listed on the MLS, it would be listed as a single family home. So if this property were to get to the point where it was listed, then it would be listed as a single family and there would be people who were looking for multifamily just automatically passing by this listing. So the only things that need to be done to actually make this back into a two unit would to be put up a wall where the stairs go to the upstairs, which is very cost-effective and not hard to do.
And then in the bathroom, add the shower back in. The shower room’s taken out, which again, it’s not that difficult of a thing to do. There’s a basement, the plumbing all runs right under the bathroom. You just hook up a new drain and you put your shower in. So those are the two things that you would need to do. So for my example, I ran the property as a single family home. As a single family home, we kind of talked about Tony with you for short-term rentals comparing bedroom count, you’re going to get more for a four bedroom than a three bedroom, but not as much for a five bedroom or whatever your example was. The same may go with a longterm rental where there just isn’t enough income to support what you could charge for a five bedroom. So for example, a three bedroom house and a five bedroom house might just only be $50 more just because nobody living in that neighborhood can pay more than $1,300 a month.
So I ran this property as a single family home and it ended up being negative $45 in cashflow, okay, with a negative 1.65% cash-on-cash return. And when I did this, I ran it with even putting 20% down on the property and just getting a conventional 30-year fixed rate loan on the property. But let’s go through some of the expenses. Well, first the rent, I found that by going to the BiggerPockets rent estimator and putting in the address of the property and it pulling up comparables. Then I also went to Zillow rent and I looked at what is currently listed. Then I also went to Facebook Marketplace and looked at what is currently listed in that area for rent. And I used those three metrics to kind of come at the point that 1,300 is a very conservative number that I could get for rent for this property as a single family home.
It also has a large backyard and it has a driveway, which not a lot of the other properties in the neighborhood have that. Okay, then I went and pulled the taxes. I pulled the taxes. I never go with the MLS listing and what it says. And even though this property wasn’t listed on there, I always verify myself, no matter the source, no matter who’s telling me, I always verify what the property taxes are. So I went to the Buffalo [inaudible 00:36:40] website, I went to the Erie County GIS mapping website and I was able to pull the property taxes off of there and get the copy of the tax bills. The next thing is insurance. So insurance, I’ve gotten good at estimating just because of knowing properties in this area and what I currently pay on a single family or what I currently pay on a duplex right now. If you really want to hone in on your insurance is to actually go to a broker and get a quote and just ask them.
Quotes are free to get. And yes, an insurance broker is going to get annoyed with you if you keep every deal you analyze, you keep asking them for a quote and you don’t actually buy these properties and they’re having to do all these quotes for you, but at least if you do one or two with them, you can kind of gauge an idea to what they are. And then there’s also websites like Policy Genius, we’ve had them as an ad sponsor before. We just go online and plug in the information and they give you a quote. And then the fixed expenses. So since this is a single family home, the tenant’s going to pay for the electric, the gas, the water and sewer. There are no HOA fees and the garbage is looped in with the property taxes and it’s like a user fee with the water, which will be billed back right to the tenant, the user fee.
And then lastly, the variable expenses. So on this I did 8% for vacancy, 8% for maintenance, 8% for CapEx. So I gauge my percentage on the condition of the property and also the age of the home. So this being a single family property for vacancy, I went with 8% where if maybe this was a three-unit, I maybe would’ve cut that down to 6% just because if one tenant moves on in a single family, I have no rental income coming in. But in a three-unit at least, I still have two other rental units bringing rent income in. Then for maintenance, because it is a older home, I did the 8% CapEx, same 8%, the management fees, 8%, that’s kind of a going rate in this area. I think I was paying 6.5% before with the property management company, but that was because it was a bulk rate, but it’s between eight to 10%. I have my own property manager in place.
So it’s ends up being less than that, because I’m just paying kind of the cost of having a property manager in a team. And so, that will most likely be a lot less. But I always like to factor in what the current property management fees are in the area, because one day I decide again, I want to use a third party property management company. I already have it baked into my numbers, but for this property it would be a negative $45 per month in cashflow. Okay, so we did look and we did see that it is projected to have a 6% increase every year in the home’s value. So maybe if I’m going for appreciation that you know what? I can lose $50 a month, it’s fine, and I’ll just wait for the property to appreciate and I’ll go in refinance and I’ll pull a bunch of equity out and then I’ll go buy another property, or maybe I’ll sell it in five years when it’s projected to be worth more, okay?
So those are some of the different scenarios that are running through my head when I’m thinking about this. I don’t buy usually properties that are a negative cashflow. So this would be a new thing for me if I decided to go with this property for this. And I should mention too, which I don’t think I did, was the purchase price I set here was $150,000, okay? And that’s what the seller had said that they would think they were maybe going to list it for. They weren’t sure yet. And I did 7% for my interest rate amortized over 30 years, and the loan amount would actually be 120,000 after putting down that down-payment of 20%. Okay, so next I’m going to take you to a second analysis that I ran on the property. And the second analysis is if I were to convert this back into a duplex.
So it’s important to note too, that for if you’re going to be doing any rehab and you want to refinance, if you do the rehab, BiggerPockets does have a separate calculator. They have their rental calculator, which you still can build or bake in rehab into that calculator too. But then there’s also the BUR calculator, and this one will be if you are doing a rehab and you’re going to refinance. So this will actually calculate your holding cost during the rehab period until you’ve gotten it rented until you’ve refinanced. So for this one, I did the purchase price of 140,000, because remember, just because somebody is asking a certain amount of money does not mean that’s what you have to pay for that property. So if I’m analyzing a deal, and I may use their asking price as a starting point, but that doesn’t mean that’s what I have to pay and like, oh, the deal doesn’t work. I don’t give up. I go in and I manipulate my purchase price.
I don’t go in and say, “Oh, well, you know what? Maybe I can bump the rent up a little bit more.” No, I want to be super-conservative on what my rent is and also what my expenses are. So inflating expenses, not too much so that they’re not realistic, but also keeping my rental income low and not over-inflating that. And then if I end up being able to list the rent for even more like, great, that’s bonus money. So for this one, I ran it with $140,000 as a purchase price. And this one I did that. I would purchase it with my line of credit where I pay 9% with my line of credit. So I’d be paying that 9% interest-only to my line of credit. I put that I could expect to refinance within four months.
So if I set aside a month to do the rehab, which would be blocking off the separate door by creating a wall in the stairs and then also adding that shower into the lower bathroom, realistically, that would take less than a month, but I’m giving myself a month to actually take care of that. And then by the time I close with the bank financing, I’m giving myself plenty of time by saying four months, okay? So differences with this. There’s no down-payment. I’m just taking the full 140,000 off my line of credit, paying the 9% interest, and I’ll be paying 1,050 in interest a month until I’m able to refinance on that property. For the refinance, I would like to do a residential loan at 30 years. As of yesterday, when I talked to a lender at one of the banks I use, the approximate rate would be 7.5% for that.
My loan fees I put at 4,000, which is, they’re usually around 3% I would say on the residential side. And then my monthly P&I would be $971.91. And that’s also with baking in those loan fees as adding that. But so this total loan amount, I did it at 135,000. So that’s with me leaving 5,000 of the purchase price into the deal. And then also the rehab, I estimated at 10,000. I really think the rehab is going to be less than that, but I need to clean up the yard and there’s a couple other little updates that I want to do to the property. So I’m being conservative with that 10,000 by over-inflating it a little bit, but I’m leaving money into the deal on this property, I’m only pulling out 135,000, but I have 150 into the deal. So this makes my cash-on-cash return 11.22%, okay?
I usually target more for 15% at minimum on cash-on-cash return. This would leave my monthly cashflow $116.93. And my monthly income, this is the part that I really like about turning this property into a duplex, is my monthly income would be $2,100, because now I have two units and I’m able to get more for a three-bed, one bath and a two bed, one bath than a five-bedroom, single family home with one and a half baths. So that was where I was kind of looking at the property and figuring out, okay, what can I do different to maximize the income, put a little rehab money into it. And there’s other examples of this. So maybe you have a property that has a large driveway, can you rent out parking spots to the neighbors, to someone to store an RV, a boat?
Does it have a garage? Does it have a barn? We have one single family home that has this huge barn that we rent that out separately for somebody for storage. So I love looking at a property and thinking about, okay, what are the things that I can do different to make this a better deal instead of looking at it and how can I manipulate the numbers in a negative way that I end up just becoming underwater, because I’m not getting the rent I wanted? I cut out the lawn-mowing expense thinking that I could find it a lot cheaper than what it actually costs to have the grass cut. So as you look at the expenses here, you’ll see that there are different expenses now that I do have to pay though, because it is now the duplex. So water and sewer, it is not separately metered.
So I will be paying the water and sewer. I could charge back a water fee if I wanted to, but most of the properties in that area do not. So I want to stay competitive. If I did charge it in, I would probably have to drop the rent anyways, bake in that water fee, and it would just end up being the same amount anyways. And then my insurance may be a little bit higher. I found compared to single family duplexes that on duplexes, my insurance costs do become a little bit higher, because of, I don’t know if it’s the liability portion of having two tenants or just the cost of the property to rebuild, because now you have two kitchens to replace, two bathrooms to replace. And then also the gas for the property, that is the heat source. And for the hot water tanks, that is not separately metered, only the electric is. So the gas would be paid by me, the landlord, because there’s no way to tell which tenant used which meter or used how much, because there’s not the separate meters to actually bill them back.
So this puts it at the monthly cashflow, $116 cash-on-cash return 11.22%. The purchase cap rate, which honestly I don’t care that much about a purchase cap rate is 9.33%. And then the proforma cap rate 6.53% your monthly income, $2,100 a month, your monthly expenses, $1,983.07. So the last thing I factored into this is I put in the analysis over time saying that I can expect a 3% increase in rental income, 3% increase in expense income, which probably could be a little bit more for each, and then the 5% per year property value increase. Remember that statistics showed us that it projected to be 6%. I’m being conservative and I did 5% and then I just kind of laid out how the property would appreciate.
But also on the calculator report, it’s really nice, because when you put in how you’re financing the deal, if there’s a mortgage, it also calculates what your loan balance is based on if you made your payments to pay down principal and interest, paying down the principal balance and gaining equity by the 5% increase every year from appreciation, but also by that loan balance being paid down and what your value is going forward and how much equity you actually have in the house. So I hold the property for 30 years. It’s projected to have $860,000 in equity. But yeah, so that’s just kind of an insight as to how I would do an analysis on a single family or duplex property.

Tony:
And world-class breakdown, Ashley Kehr. So let me ask you, how much of what you did has changed between Ashley, I don’t know, 2019 versus Ashley today? Because that was obviously a lot of information. I’m just curious how much of this is just have you learned through repetition? Because I guess I don’t want our listeners to hear this be like, “Man, I’m not well-equipped to do any of that.” So it’s just like, was there a starting point you kind of built on top of it or just, I don’t know, just kind of give us some insights into how it’s changed, I guess?

Ashley:
Yeah. So when I first started out, it was very much on a piece of paper. It’s like, here’s what the expenses are. And then I actually got very diligent in verifying everything, and that’s where I do the dollars down to the penny. And then that’s where I kind of transitioned into, okay, I can ballpark the property taxes. For the example I showed you, I don’t really know a ton about that market. So that’s where I was like, I need to know exactly what the property taxes are in which I do do that, but for a rough analysis for a market I’m already investing in how ballpark the property taxes and the insurance, the water bill, things like that. And if it comes out looking kind of good, then that’s when I go further in and I actually pulled the exact number. So right now what has changed for me with the market is what are my options for funding and also refinancing this deal? So really getting creative with that.
So right now my line of credit is a lot cheaper than using hard money or a private moneylender, and I want to use that to my advantage so that I can be more competitive, because I have that rate. Also, with my private moneylenders, what can I work out with them maybe if I’m not even using them for all of the deal or part of the deal? Definitely putting in offers for seller financing. So I’m getting more flexible on how I’m actually going to fund the deal and how I’m going to get creative with the financing going forward. The next thing I’m looking at is to what are the income streams on the property? So right now in Seattle, Washington, you can put in a ADU, an additional dwelling unit on a single family home, you can put the ADU in your backyard and that can increase the value of your property and also bring in rental income.
So if you’re going to sell this house as a flip, you now can someone, it makes it more affordable to someone, because they have that rental income of the ADU in the back, they can now pay more for the property, and that’s more in your pocket. And a lot of times the cost of building that ADU is less than what you could actually sell that property for. So for me is looking at all the different revenue streams that can come out of that property. So with this one, it was changing that single family back into a duplex to really maximize that revenue. Oh, one thing, yes, there’s one last thing I would add is that in my market at least there’s been huge rent growth over the last couple of years, but it has become very stagnant. So be careful that are not riding those high projections again of what you can get for rental income. So look at the rental growth trends for your area too.
I just got a six-unit emailed to me this morning for my broker, and I’m looking at what the seller had projected, the rental incomes that you could get, because they said, “It’s way below market rent, you should be able to get this.” And when I pulled comps, you could not get that comps from last year, you could get that, but it had decreased by $100 of what they were renting for last year. And that $100 makes a big difference across the bottom line when it’s a six-unit. So that’s $600 a month that you’re not getting anymore as to what they’re projecting. And if you go off of old numbers or that aren’t accurate, then that’s where you can get into trouble. So to even be more conservative, I always go a little bit under as to what the market rent is.

Tony:
Yeah, that’s a really good point, and I’ll talk a little bit about that same concept as well, Ash, about making sure that your data reflects recent changes and in the market that you’re looking into. But cool. Let’s talk analyzing short-term rentals. There’s some overlap, obviously between what Ashley just explained when she’s looking at longterm rentals and what we’ll be doing with short-term rentals, specifically on the expense side. When you’re analyzing the expenses for a property as a longterm and as a short-term, you have mortgage expenses, principal and taxes and insurance, you have utilities. It just said on a short-term rental, you are typically paying the utilities versus with a longterm rental, you can pass that along to your guest. So the expense side is pretty similar. A lot of those inputs are the same. Where longterm and short-terms really differ is on the income projection side.
So Ashley talked about how she just mentioned it, right? She looked at comparable properties to see what they were renting for today, and usually it’s one fixed number that you can assume you’re going to make over the life of that lease. So if I say this property’s going to rent for $1,300 and then I sign a lease with a tenant for $1,300, then I know for the life of that lease that I’m going to make $1,300. With short-term rentals, you have variable income on a monthly, weekly, daily basis that you need to account for. So I’m going to talk about what that exact process looks like for analyzing or estimating the income on a short-term rental. Okay, so when you are analyzing a property as a short-term rental, specifically when it comes to the income, there are three kind of key pieces of information that you need to understand.
You need to understand your average daily rate, which is also called your ADR. You need to understand your occupancy and you need to understand your cleaning fees. And I’ll break down each one of those three pieces. So again, your average daily rates, your occupancy, and your cleaning fees combine to make up your income for a property. So let’s go over ADR first. ADR again stands for average daily rate. And basically what this number is that it’s the number that guests are willing to pay to stay at your property for a single night. And usually when you’re analyzing a property, you want your ADR to be an average across the entire year. So you say on average across an entire 12-month period, 365 days, what are guests willing to pay for one night at my property? And the reason we want to make sure that we’re looking at an entire year is because in the short-term rental industry, what people are willing to pay for a single night varies pretty dramatically depending on the night of the week that they’re booking, right?
People are typically willing to pay more for a Friday or a Saturday night booking than they are for a Tuesday night booking, right? Because there’s more people traveling on the weekends. So the night of the week makes a difference, the week of the month makes a difference, and the month of the year makes a big difference as well. Most seasons kind of have their peak time, and most seasons kind of have their slow time. For me, in some of my markets, summer is the busiest time in some of my markets, whereas in other markets, summer is the slowest time. So you want to understand what those nuances are in your market to make sure that you’re accounting for that in your average daily rate projection. So again, your ADR is pretty heavily impacted by seasonality, so you want to make sure that you’re looking at that number across an entire year.
And I’ll give you guys a breakdown on how to actually identify what that ADR is. But for now, I just want you to understand ADR stands for average daily rates, and it’s the number that shows you what your guests are willing to pay on average across an entire year for one night at your property. Next is your occupancy. Occupancy tells you how many days out of the year you can expect to be booked. Now again, if I’m comparing short-term rentals to longterm rentals, once you sign a lease with a tenant, you can expect your property to be fully booked or at least that unit to be fully booked for the entire duration of that lease. So if you sign a 12-month lease with someone, then for the next 12 months, you are going to be fully occupied. Whereas with short-term rentals, we don’t have leases that we sign with tenants.
We have guests who come in and stay for a couple of nights and then they go home. So there’s always some percentage of nights that go unbooked, and that’s what you want to try and identify for your occupancy is, okay, out of 365 days, how many days can I expect to be booked? And again, you want to look at this number as an average across a year for the same reasons that we want to look at your ADR on average across an entire year, because your occupancy changes, it goes up and down depending on the month of the year. And again, I’ll show you how to pull these numbers here in a sec. And then the last thing that you want to look at that that gets included in your income is your cleaning fee income.
Now, this is something that’s unique to short-term rentals, but when you book a property on Airbnb or VRBO as a guest, when you book a property, not only are you paying for the stay, for your nightly rate, but you’re also paying for additional fees, Airbnb charges fees, VRBO charges fees, but then a host also charge what are called cleaning fees. And this cost usually gets passed on to your cleaning staff. However, you should recognize it as income for two reasons. First, because it’s included in your deposit from Airbnb and VRBO when they pay you out. And then second, you also have the opportunity to turn your cleaning fee income into a slight profit center. As an example, on some of our properties, we might pay our cleaners, I don’t know, $115 per clean, but we can charge our guest $125 per clean. So that means if I’m only paying out 115, but I’m collecting 125, every time that property gets clean, I’m making a profit of “$10”.
And say that my property, I don’t know, maybe I get booked 10 to 15 times per month, that’s an additional 100 to $150 in profit that I’m generating from my cleaning fee. So I usually like to include my cleaning fee as part of my income for a property as well for those two reasons. So again, to recap, your three pieces are your average daily rate, your occupancy, and then your cleaning fees. So once you have all three of these, you want to put them into a formula. And again, I’ve got a free calculator that you guys can all download. If you head to the realestaterobinsons.com/calculator. Again, that’s the realestaterobinsons.com/calculator. It’s a free download, it’s an Excel file that I’ve used. Tens of thousands of people have downloaded this calculator to help them analyze deals. But if you want to kind of follow along on that calculator, you’ll be able to do that there.
But once you get all of that data, you want to plug into a formula to understand what your projected income is. So basically, you take whatever your occupancy percentage is and you multiply that to 365 days, and that will tell you how many days out of the year you can expect your property to be booked. So say from your analysis, you say, hey, 75% is a good occupancy number for this property in this market. So you would take 75%, multiply that to 365, that gives you 274. So now you know, okay, I’m going to be booked roughly 274 days out of the year. So that’s the first step. The second step is to take that 274 or whatever number you land on and multiply that to your projected average daily rate to your projected ADR. So let’s say that you have 274 days you project to be booked and say, through your analysis, you say $250 is a good projection for my ADR. You take 274, multiply that by 250, and you get $68,500 in baseline revenue.
Okay, let me repeat that one more time. 274 days is what you project to be booked. You multiply that 274 times your projected ADR. Again, in this example, let’s say it’s 250. 274 times 250 equals 68,500. That’s your baseline revenue for your property. The last step then is to add in your projected cleaning fee income. Again, there are steps you can take to understand, hey, what is, what’s the average cleaning fee that properties are charging in my market? You use that data to assume what your cleaning fee is for the year, and then you add that to your baseline income. So again, say we have a baseline of 68,500, and through our analysis we identified we can collect another $18,000 a year in cleaning fees, which is not unreasonable at all. 68,500 plus the $18,000 in cleaning fees gives you a total income of $86,500, okay? So those are the inputs that you need to project your income.
You need your occupancy percentage, which gives you how many days you’ll be booked out of the year, multiply that to your projected average daily rates, which gives you a baseline income, and then you add to your baseline income what you project your property will collect in cleaning fees to get your total income on that property. So that’s the kind of overview of how you project your income. Now, I want to break down in just a little bit more detail how to project your average daily rates and your occupancy, because those two things are super-critical to get right. Now, there are two kind of different ways to project your ADR and your occupancy levels for a property. The first approach is your comp-based approach, so your comparison-based approach. The second approach is what I call your percentile-based approach. So your first approach, approach number one, is your comparison-based or your comp-based approach. The second approach is what I call your percentile-based approach.
Now, let me break down what each of these means. And the comparison-based approach or the comp-based approach, what you’re doing is you’re looking for properties that are similar in size, design and amenities, functionality, location to your property. You have your subject property that you’re analyzing, and you want to find other active listings on Airbnb or VRBO that are similar in size, design, functionality, amenities, location, et cetera, okay? So if yours is a brand new construction built in 2023, then you want to find other properties ideally that are brand new construction built in 2023. If yours is a farm-style rehab that was built in the fifties, you want to try and find other farm-style rehabs that are built in the fifties and recently rehabbed. If you have a loft in downtown, you want to try and find other lofts in downtown. So you kind of get the idea here. But the goal is to use Airbnb and identify properties that are similar to yours. Once you have those properties identified, you want to understand what are those properties charging on a nightly basis across a 30, 60, 90-day window.
And you want to go 30, 60, 90, again, to account for the fact that prices are seasonal, that ADRs are seasonal, because if you just look at a say 7-day window, you might be getting the best week of the year, or you might be getting the worst week of the year. Either way, your numbers are going to be off. But when you go out over a 7, 30, 60, 90-day window, you start to get a mix of what the different seasons and months can produce in terms of ADR. So you create your list of comparable properties right after you go through Airbnb. You can literally just open up Airbnb, look at your chosen market, click through, find listings that are similar, and open up their calendars to see what they’re charging. Okay, it’s a completely free way to do this, and you want to try and build out as many comparable properties as you can. The more, the merrier, right? I’d say at minimum you want to get somewhere between 10 to 15.
Ideally, you want to get as many as you can, okay? Don’t put an upper limit as long as it’s a good comp, you should include it inside of your approach there. Once you have your comp-based, again, you want to go through those listings and understand how booked are they over a 7-day window? How booked are they over a 30-day window? What are they charging over a 7-day window? What is their average price over a 30, over a 60, over a 90-day window? Then you use those numbers, you get the averages of those, and you plug it into the formula that we talked about earlier. Okay, so the first is the comp-based approach. The second approach is the percentile-based approach. And I like doing both, because the comp approach it is kind of like your sniper rifle approach where you’re picking out specific properties that you feel are exceptionally similar to yours, whereas the percentile-based approach is kind of an aggregate approach that the pools in a little bit more data, but kind of gives you a better overview of the market.
Now, unfortunately, or not unfortunately, I guess fortunately, there’s paid software out there to help you do this. I don’t know of a way to do this for free outside of you trying to build your own scraping tool to pull all of this data, but there are websites out there like AirDNA and PriceLabs that are data providers for the short-term rental space. We use PriceLabs for a lot of our data analysis, and I think, gosh, if you guys go to hello.pricelabs.co/therealestaterobinsons, you get, I think a 30-day free trial and then like 10% off of your first bill. So again, that’s hellopricelabs.co/therealestaterobinsons. And what you want is their Market Dashboards tool. And with the Market Dashboards tool, you’re able to collect an insane amount of data on the properties that reside with inside of your chosen market. So if you’re following along on YouTube, you can see this future prices’ table here that I’m referring to.
And basically, what PriceLabs does is that for whatever dataset you choose, so say I want to look at a specific market and I want to look specifically at three bedrooms within that market, PriceLabs gives me both historical and future data on what prices, what ADRs are being charged at different levels. So it breaks it down by, hey, at the 25th percentile, here’s the average price that listings are charging. At the 50th percentile, here’s the average price that listings are charging. At the 75th, here’s the average at the 90th, here’s the average. So I can see across my market at different, I guess, levels of not luxury, but different levels of property quality where 90th would be top of the market, 25th would be the bottom of the market. I can see on average, what are these different properties charging?
And I love looking at this data, because you can get super granular both looking at historical data and forward-looking data. Now I’ll try not to get too much into the weeds here, but basically you want to be able to pull this data and identify on a month-over-month basis, going back as far as you can. I think right now you’re able to go back to 2020 or maybe even 2021 and PriceLabs data, and you want to go as far back as you can and just start looking at the trends. What is the average price for the month of July in 2021? What is the average price for the month of July in 2022, month of July in 2023? And start comparing those. And what you’ll be able to see as you do that analysis is what are the different price points I can expect to charge based on how nice my property is?
So if I think my property will operate in the top 10% or that 90th percentile, then I can kind of look at that dataset to help me gauge what my average daily price and my occupancy will be. If I think that I’m going to be more kind of middle of the road budget listing, then maybe I’m going to be looking at that 50th percentile to gauge that. But once you have those different percentiles mapped out and you’ve looked at it month-over-month, year-over-year, you then have a really good handle on what do I think I can achieve with the listing that I have. Now, one important thing to call out, and this is one of the changes that you really have to be aware of, and Ashley kind of mentioned this as she was talking about at the end there about her longterm rental piece.
You want to understand if your market is up or down year over year. Now, we’re recording this in the summer of 2023, and if you’ve been following the short-term mental industry, 2021 was a crazy year for short-term rentals. It was immediately post-COVID. There was a tremendous amount of pent-up demand for short-term rentals and not nearly as much supply as there is today. So you saw this extreme amount of demand with this kind of lagging to keep up supply. So you really saw a lot of listings, you exceptionally well in 2021. 2022, you saw more supply come onboard where you saw kind of demand come back down to somewhat normal levels. And I think 2023 will be the first year where we see maybe a more so normalized travel cadence, at least across the United States. So what you’re seeing in many markets, and this isn’t true for all markets, but in a lot of markets where 2021 has a higher revenue projection than 2022, and even where 2022 has a higher revenue projection than 2023.
So in the example that I’m showing here, if you’re following along on YouTube, we can see that the average price in this market for 2021 was $138. In 2022, that same dataset had an average price of $135. So our ADR dropped by $3 in that same market year-over-year. Now, obviously, $3 isn’t a huge swing, but you just want to make sure that you’re accounting for that, because maybe in this market it’s only a $3 drop, but maybe in a different market it’s a 15 or 25 or $100 drop, which makes a big difference in ADRs over an entire year. So you want to make sure that not only are you looking at what am I projecting this property to do, but what is the difference year-over-year and am I accounting for that on my projections of this property?
And the approach that I’ve just laid out even though I’m talking ADRs, you can pull that exact same information for your occupancy rates as well, and that’ll allow you to see, hey, at the 25th, the 50th, the 75th, the 90th percentile, what kind of occupancy numbers am I seeing? So once you have all that data, then you’re able to drop it into a calculator and the data that you pulled, it drops right into the calculator that I share with you guys. Again, if you go to the realestaterobinsons.com/calculator, you can get a free copy of this. But here’s just an example of a sample deal that we’ve looked at. So the property that we were looking at had a purchase price of $665,000. It was a 15% down-payment. We were estimating about 3% for closing costs. That would bring our total cash investment just under $120,000. Based on our research, we saw an average daily rate or an ADR of 385 for this property.
We projected our occupancy to be 77%, and then we saw another $2,200 give or take in cleaning fee income, bringing the total income of that property to $134,000. Now, again, don’t worry about the specifics here, but just know we took our ADR, our occupancy and our cleaning fee income, and we came to a total gross income of 134, almost $135,000. We then plugged in all of our expenses. So again, the basic stuff, your mortgage rates, your mortgage amount, your insurance, your taxes, the one thing that again is kind of unique to short-term rentals is Airbnb also charges a fee for you to be on their platform. That’s how they keep the lights on. And as of this recording, Airbnb charges a 3% fee to host on every single booking. So you’ll want to make sure that you’re accounting for that 3% in your analysis as well.
So on $134,000 in revenue, a 3% fee is about $4,000 annually that you’re paying to Airbnb. So you want to make sure you’re accounting for that as well. But anyway, once we do all that, we’re able to see what our total cash-on-cash return is for this property and allow us to make a decision on if it’s a good deal or not. So I know that was a lot of information. If you guys want to go back and re-watch us on YouTube, I encourage you to do so. But just at a high level, to recap what I’m talking about here, the steps you need to take, the data that you need. You want your average daily rate, you want your occupancy, you want your cleaning fees, you want to find comparable properties either through the comp approach or using the kind of aggregate data from something like PriceLabs.
Take that information, plug it into that free calculator, and then you kind of spit out a cash-on-cash return. And you’ve got to decide whether or not that cash-on-cash return is good for you. So I hope that was helpful, guys. Again, if you’re watching on YouTube, you can scan this QR code to download that free calculator. If you’re listening to the podcast, just hit over to realestaterobinsons.com/calculator, and you can get yourself a free copy of that as well. But that was a mouthful. I’m going to shut up now, because that was a lot of information. I don’t know, Ash, I guess any thoughts from you?

Ashley:
I think David and Rob might not have us back, because we went way over the time that they allotted us. But thank you guys so much for joining us. We hope that you took some value away. And so, our little intro there about just deal analysis in general and then the deep dives into real life deals that Tony and I are looking at. So thank you guys for listening, whether you’re on the Real Estate Podcast or you’re listening on the Rookie Podcast, I’m Ashley @wealthfromrentals, and he’s Tony @tonyjrobinson on Instagram. And you can hear from us again on the Real Estate Rookie Podcast or on YouTube searching Real Estate Rookie. We also have a huge community page on Facebook, Real Estate Rookie. Thank you guys, and we’ll see you next time.